Book Review: Four Hundred Souls

 

Image: The cover of the book is an abstract painting of a slightly overhead and far away view of a long parade of people moving up or down the scene. The background of the painting is mixed big brush strokes of beige, cream, oranges, and blues. The large number of people walking are depicted through scattered brush strokes and line work. Their heads and bodies are black and what looks to be their clothing is mostly shades of blue with a stray bit of red or pink here and there. In large white capital letters, the center of the book says "four hundred souls." Across the top in smaller letters is, "a community history of African America, 1619-2019." Across the bottom is, "edited by Ibram X. Kenid (author of how to be antiracist,) Keisha N. Blain (author of set the world on fire.)"

Prior to reading Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619-2019, edited by Keisha N. Blain and Ibram X. Kendi, I can't recall reading a history book written in anthology form. I have definitely read plenty of anthologies that tackled history, but never in a focused sort of form like this. I think this worked extremely well, creating an interesting and engaging historical account while also covering a wide range of voices. There are some things in this book that I already knew about, and many others I did not. The execution of each essay is quite good which if often not the case in the world of mixed bags that make of anthologies. 

One of the things that stuck out to me in particular while reading this was how listening to these histories made me feel in reference to the time period depicted. In the USA's abysmal system of grade school education, we basically learn there's this horrible thing called slavery that is now over. If we're lucky, we also learn about Jim Crow. We tend to be told that things are constantly progressing and many people draw from this the conclusion that we live in some mythical post racial society. However, as the writings in this moved forward in time, I often found myself more horrified rather than less. The reader will likely find themselves drawing parallels between these histories and the present day state of affairs. It lends more support for the idea that oppression doesn't disappear, it just changes shape, and the struggle continues.

It's pretty difficult to think of things worse that existing as an enslaved person. So, what I am saying here is not that after slavery people were worse off. However, I think the mixture of the expectation that things should get better with the fact that they only changed shape is what is really disturbing. At every step of the way, people fought, often losing their lives and freedom, for the most basic of rights and needs. But, because those in power generally did not want to give in, the way these successes were executed often placed new hardships and burdens on people. It is not that I did not already know this. I think that the way all of this was executed created a clearer picture and experience of these histories to the point that it is quite disturbing.

This is not to say that the book is purely a history of suffering. There are a great many stories of triumph and creativity. Some of the entries give us glimpses into well known peoples lives that I had not heard before. Others highlight movements such as Black anti-fascist organizing that are often forgotten in the current day misrepresentation of anti-fascism being a white-invented and white-dominated fight. There was also inclusion of LGBTQ struggles and disabled figures in history. Disability is often neglected despite the fact that a massive number of enslaved people were given disabilities by those who abused them- including well known figures like Harriet Tubman.

I think the editors did a great job putting this book together. If you are the type of person who wants to learn history, but lacks the attention span for long books about it, this kind of format might better suit you. The introduction of each new voice with each entry creates an excellent and engaging experience using complex voices to speak on complex topics.

This was also posted to my goodreads.