Book Review: A Continuous Struggle

Image: The cover of the book is a cream background with a photo of Martin Sostre broken up into several squares divided by thin lines. Sostre is bald, with medium brown skin and a very short beard. Across the top in black is "a continuous struggle," below that in red is "the revolutionary life of Martni Sostre." Across the bottom is the author's name Garret Felber and "Foreword by Robin D.G. Kelley."

Anarchism in modern day USA sometimes has a false reputation of being a bunch of young privileged white people breaking windows for no reason. Much of this is due to media and government smear campaigns among other things, but part of it also lies at the feet of our own communities where anarchists who are often centered are white, etc. Not to go all #notallwhitepeople or whatever, but there are some truly amazing anarchists throughout history who were/are white. I am not here saying they shouldn't be studied and admired. I am saying that folks are missing out on a much bigger tent of anarchism, including Black anarchism. One of the most passionate and often unknown anarchist organizers is Martin Sostre. It is very tough to find anything comprehensive out there about him for a variety of reasons I will detail later. When I saw that a biography about Sostre was being released, I was super excited to learn more about him and his life. 

A Continuous Struggle: The Revolutionary Life of Martin Sostre is a labor of love by Garrett Felber. He begins the book humbly, expressing his concern that he may not be able to do this story justice, but being willing to try his best anyway. He also mentions that there were mixed feelings about whether or not Sostre would have wanted a biography as even his death was kept private when he passed. I think that Felber executed this biography well. There is an extensive and impressive level of research into history and materials that are not easily accessible. Much of Sostre's writing was in the form of letters or small pamphlets rather than books and better archived things of the past. I also think that Felber did well to center the revolutionary aspect of Sostre's existence, as Felber and Sostre's family guessed he would have preferred. Felber did this without sacrificing honesty, though, and did well to tell the story of Sostre as a human being rather than a flawless leader.

The life and history of Martin Sostre is essentially also a history of USAmerican prison industrial complex and civil rights movements for both Black and Puerto Rican communities at large. One cannot understand Sostre without also understanding these histories. I believe that Felber did well to set the stage for things that were going on at the time, including giving mini bios of the various organizers that worked with Sostre. Sostre spent so much of his time incarcerated, that much of his organizing took place behind bars. It was frankly quite intense reading about what he went through. In early life, he was incarcerated for drug offenses that he did admit to. However, moving on, changing, and creating community and liberatory structures landed him in the sights of the state, who then framed him (now documented and admitted to by the officers involved) in order to put him back in prison. He endured torture regularly, but remained so defiant throughout it all. I honestly don't understand how someone could have kept going, even with the supports he had and how incredibly strong his beliefs in the struggle were.

Sostre truly exemplified the "propaganda of the deed" style of organizing. While he did write and make speeches, which are unfortunately often lost to time, his real focus was in taking action and building community. Outside prison (or in part from within via help from his support system,) Sostre created revolutionary spaces that worked as book stores, libraries, community gathering areas, and so on. Dealing with everything from closures and fire bombs from the state, he kept going through it all. He also was involved in organizing for prisoners, despite the absolute brick walls built up around him. In prison, he resisted oppression every chance he got, even from solitary confinement, including the fighting the regular sexual assault of invasive bodily searches and the beatings that ensued. There was a lot of interesting history in this book about Muslim organizing in prison which led to many religious freedoms we see as more common today, however flawed. Sostre had an amazing support system outside composed of stellar and unrelenting organizers. However, even they could only do so much in the face of state repression. I found myself regularly thinking about what it was like for prisoners- political and non- who didn't have any support. Once he was finally out of prison for good later in life, Sostre continued the practice of radical bookstore/infoshop creation and also took up organizing around housing and education in his communities. Essentially, Sostre was known far more for what he did than what he said.

Sostre's journey towards identifying as anarchist was also interesting to read about. Like many, he initially saw anarchism as a white thing, but later realized it as a larger struggle. He discovered time and again that authoritarianism from state structures to the Nation of Islam were flawed at the center. To read about someone going from a corrupt military cop in his late teens (a story too long for a review) to black nationalist-adjacent/Muslim marxist-leninist to a prolific anarchist organizer added a level of hope to my worldview (and also forgiveness of my younger imperfect self.) Sostre went on to influence other Black anarchists such as Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin who met Sostre in prison and was inspired by his guidance. The story is far more complex and interesting than I have detailed in this paragraph, so I highly recommend the book before seeing this as the whole picture.

In the end, I do think Felber was successful in this monumental task of telling the complex story of someone's life taking place in a complex time and in complex institutions. I like to hope that if Sostre were alive today, he would appreciate the way his story was told. This book is a necessary addition to the bookshelves of anyone interested in history as well as any anarchist or leftist thinkers. It expands upon not only general assumptions about what anarchism is but also about the various belief systems and activities taking place during the civil rights movements at the time all well telling the story of Martin Sostre, who kept fighting until the very end.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: The Birding Dictionary

Image: the cover of the book is yellow with blue binding and black writing. There is a red bird with brown wings sitting on a pair of binoculars in the lower right corner. Across the top is a quote from Ed Yong which reads "a laugh out loud funny guide to the ludicrously amazing and amazingly ludicrous world of birds and birders." Below that is the title The Birding dictionary. Below that is a pseudo definition reading "1. (Noun) a tongue-in-cheek guide for people who find themselves obsessed, against all logic and reason, with birds." In the bottom left corner it says written and illustrated by Rosemary Mosco.

I have been a long time fan of Rosemary Mosco. Her comic Bird and Moon brings joy and levity to life in general, but also to the birding world specifically. It's strange to say this, because I initially got into birding as something that relaxes me: Birding can be kind of intense sometimes. There is a seriousness to it, especially if you are contributing to citizen science projects. This can sometimes lead to forgetting just how much we are in it for the birds and our love of them. Being a lister and doing remote bird surveys can sometimes end up frustrating and I become desperate for something to kick me back into the space where it all started. The Birding Dictionary brings that whimsical humor that comes with any niche community willing to poke fun at itself. 

The author had me from the very start with an introduction page penned as a fantastical but realistic overly serious birder. I laughed out loud immediately. Every page that followed brought lightness to my days in these extra dark times we're living in. The dictionary aspect is an intentional design, but this is a brief cover to cover read full of jokes, fun facts, illustrations, and actual definitions- some of which were for terms I had not heard of before. Essentially, laugh AND learn.

This book would be great for any birder. I could see someone just starting out enjoying it as well as an expert with decades of experience under their belt. Hell, there's even a quote on the back from Sibley praising the book. You don't get a more famous niche recommendation than that and the birding world. I honestly wish I had more birders as closer friends, because I want to gift everyone a copy.

This book was truly an antidote for me. In both personal life and in relation to the larger world, things are pretty depressing. Even engaging in birding has been tough as a result. Looking forward to picking this book up each time and knowing I would smile was a simple pleasure I didn't realize I needed. This whimsical little book ended up being far more important to me than I realized it would be. 

So, if you are into birds or honestly anything adjacent to birding like the larger natural sciences, this book is for you. I really enjoyed it and will likely come back to it regularly just to get a little taste of the happiness it brought me.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: Transmentation Transience

image: the cover of the book is a swirling rendition of different landscapes spiraling towards the center. One includes a city skyline, another a desert, another an ocean, whales swim in the upper right corner. Across the center in large white letters is "Transmentation Transience" and across the bottom in amber is Darkly Lem. 

 Transmentation Transience is a creative project composed by a group of authors writing together under the name Darkly Lem. They describe themselves as "five authors in an impeccably-tailored trenchcoat, namely Josh Eure, Craig Lincoln, Ben Murphy, Cadwell Turnbull, and M. Darusha Wehm." I came into contact with this book due to being a fan of Turnbull, so it was interesting to see what a collaborative piece would turn out to be. I honestly didn't know what to expect. I have read books where two authors are writing under one name, but cannot recall reading a book where 5 authors were. Somehow, in ways I don't fully understand, they made it work. 

TT is a book about many worlds. Central to the stories are people who hop from one universe to another, finding themselves in a new body, retaining their own mind and personality, but still being changed by who they end up inhabiting. It is not fully clear how this works or what exactly it entails. This is probably a show don't tell choice, but I hope more explanation comes in future books. There are various groups existing in various universes, many of which have conflicts with one another. Thankfully, the authors give us a character list in the very beginning telling us which locality various characters are located in. As someone with a horrendous memory, I often have to take notes when reading books with tons of characters, especially when those characters are sometimes turning into other characters in another universes. I was very grateful to see this list when I opened the book. 

The writing in TT is cohesive. I am not sure if each author wrote a different section containing each story about characters existing in each locality. There are definite distinctions between each section that would benefit from such an approach. But, stylistically it still fits together for the most part. I would say the last quarter of the book feels a bit disjointed. That is also because there are a couple twists that occur that are not well explained. 

I'm being deliberately vague to avoid spoilers. Overall, despite all of these different universes, characters, and names, I found the book fairly easy to follow. There are some things that are just personal taste that weren't my favorite. I would say this book is what some call science fantasy more than science fiction. The way some of the worlds and the characters and beings within them are designed doesn't feel quite right to me. There are also a couple of events that occur in the last quarter that we're not introduced as fluidly as they could be. I ended up going back and rereading certain sections thinking I missed something. I had not. The characters themselves though all felt quite real to me. I especially enjoyed sections with long conversations. It's interesting that a story with so much extravagant inter-universal travel and wild action scenes enthralled me most when it was just two people discussing their experiences. 

The book is definitely designed to be part of a larger series- listed as the first book in "The Formation Saga." At over 400 pages, (in my ARC at least,) the conclusion leaves you with prompts for the story to continue, rather than a bunch of concrete resolutions. This was such an interesting approach to writing that I hope the series is given the green light to continue by the publisher and not abandoned like some of these projects are. I enjoyed a glimpse into these universes and was left curious about what comes next for these characters. I do hope that when a new book is written, they will offer a decent recap of things that happened in this one for other memory-deficient people like myself. 

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph. 

Book Review: Birds at Rest

Image: the cover of the book is a scene of three flamingoes resting on water. Each light pink bird is standing on one long leg and resting their long neck and head inside their wing. Across the center in white is "birds at rest." Before that in pink is "the behavior and ecology of avian sleep." In the bottom right corner is the author name Roger F. Pasquier.

Roger F. Pasquier's Birds at Rest: The Behavior and Ecology of Avian Sleep is a necessary addition to more common types of references and guides regarding birds and their behavior. Despite having shelves full of them and reading up on various things about bird behavior, there is very little out there like this book that details such a massive part of their lives- resting, roosting, sleeping, and all of the related behaviors that come with that.

The information in this book is exhaustive in a good way. While there was more captive animal research than I prefer to read about, that was to be expected going into this book and is not a mark against it. The author is not in charge of the ethics of those research studies. There is a ton of informative and more ethical field research, much of which I had never encountered anything close to before. I learned a lot of different things about species that I tend to focus my interest on, as well as many things about species I've never even heard of. I also learned about field research methods that were quite interesting. I had no idea there were mobile EEG methods where one could study the sleep of chimney swifts in flight for instance. I found a lot of this extremely fascinating. 

The book also covers what human intervention into the environment has done to the abilities referred to roost safely, communicate and breed effectively, and generally exist in the world. This was unsurprisingly the saddest part of the book. For instance I knew that our light pollution had affected migration and bird behavior for some time. I didn't realize, even though perhaps I should have, that it also damages their ability to breed successfully. A critical factor for consideration regarding the decline in bird populations is simply artificial light. Our introduction of non-native species has caused extinction and decline in large numbers. Our destruction of habitat causes birds to compete more than they would normally, resulting in further aggression and conflict. This was another thing that is unsurprising, but written in a way that I had not quite thought about it before. Humans tend to write about birds as fighting over territory and competing through various means as if it is a given. But we don't tend to write enough about how the sheer amount of competition is so directly affected by our destruction of their habitats for any number of reasons. I wonder how different aggression levels were before we decimated most of the planet.

 I will admit that I did find this book a bit dry at times. It very much reads cover to cover like a reference guide without photography. There are illustrations that I found quite charming and whimsical. There's almost a children's book quality to some of them which did break things up a bit. But, there weren't enough of them for my tastes when it comes to reading a book straight through like this. At the same time, it is very well organized such that one could treat it exactly like a guide. Each chapter is well labeled and constructed and contains a detailed summary at the end. So, if you find yourself overwhelmed by reading the catalogue of facts about each and every bird species, you could successfully read the summary of each chapter and then go through to seek out the more specific information that you need. Strangely though, there was no summary at the end of the book. It just ended abruptly after that last section on human influence. So, perhaps I went into this book expecting something different, but it is likely best to treat it as a reference guide. 

One may retain more information by hopping around the book rather than reading it cover to cover. Nonetheless it's full of page flags and I'll definitely be coming back to it time and again. I'm grateful to have a volume on my shelf containing such important information that is often so lacking and scholarship about the avian world.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: Love in a F*cked Up World

Image: the cover of the book is a bright yellow background with LOVE in large red letters and in a fucked up world in smaller ones. Below that in pink is "how to build relationships, hook up, and raise hell together." Below that in red is Dean Spade and again in pink, "author of mutual aid."

I have immense respect for Dean Spade's work. I especially like how he has branched out from academia further than many people do, creating highly accessible and urgent texts like Mutual Aid and now, Love in a F*cked Up World. I understand why the cover design is the way it is- to grab the attention of a wide audience. But, it made me think that it might not be for me. (Also, I just hate yellow for reasons I can't articulate.) Despite having chosen not to seek out romantic or sexual relationships many years ago, I figured why not give this a go even if it didn't apply to my current situation. Don't let the cover fool you into thinking this is another romantic relationship advice book. Spade even anticipates the hesitation some folks, especially radicals, may have. He urges the reader to remain open minded to a self help book being more than an "...individualistic... liberal, bougie... distraction from collective action." This book takes all the good little nuggets from various self help and communication books, sorts out all of the garbage, and then translates it all into something very wise and healing. 

Even as someone who doesn't have intentions in the near future to date, I desperately needed this book for all other relationships in my life. Even moreso, I needed this book years (decades?) ago when mired in polyamorous organizing and kink communities. I needed it so much that I had to grieve a bit while reading for my former, ignorant self and anyone around me. 

Even on a good day, I'm someone who craves categories, boxes, clear lines, and knowing exactly how to quantify the harm I've caused, could cause, and to predict that which will come to me in any situation. My mental health tends to make this far worse than the average person, essentially leading to isolation. I judge situations, myself, and sometimes others harshly in order to avoid further trauma and out of fear that I will cause it. This book gave me permission to let go of that. It was an exercise in self awareness and understanding of others while telling me that it's ok to find the grey area.

I won't pretend I'm cured of OCD/PTSD in 326 pages of reading, but this book ended up being a really good complement to my exposure therapy exercises, especially socially. Spade manages to write a relationship book that centers radicals, queers, leftists, etc rather than simply including us in the margins as other relationship books do (if they do at all.) As a result, anti-aurhoritarianism ends up being centered, leading to a final product that is a book many of us have been waiting for and needing our entire lives.

I recall that when Sarah Schulman's Conflict is not Abuse came out, many of us were able to ignore some of the flaws because it was a drink of water in the desert. Our communities, much like the larger world, are punishing and full of human beings with diverse needs and backgrounds. Spade urges the reader early on not to filter the book through dominant pop psychology trends in an attempt to ostracize and isolate others. (Lookin at all of the people who call every disagreement "gaslighting narcissism" and whatnot.) Instead, he offers tons of relatable anecdotes (including those from his own life) showing the normal conflicts that occur in many kinds of relationships. These conflicts can be so charged, stressful, and hurtful, that we may jump to what we've learned from larger cultures as solutions- even when it goes against our values. Movements are fractured, healing is impossible, and the whole thing can become a downward spiral taking the connections we desperately need with it. Spade urges us to better understand ourselves and others to better align our relationships with our values. 

Like Mutual Aid, LIAFUW is highly readable, accessible, and well organized. I think that perhaps the centering of our communities might take a second for someone outside them to get used to, but not so much so as to be a barrier. I like to hope it will be enlightening, pulling the well intentioned (USAmerican, essentially center right wing) liberal further away from oppression and closer to what they're actually craving. 

The best part of this book is the insistence on the importance of differentiation, interdependence, and creating relationships outside of romantic ones. While many exercises and anecdotes do involve romantic conflicts, since we often tend to be our worst selves in those, the sections on friendship and other relationships are refreshing and critical. One of the main reasons I stopped dating was that I realized I had very few nonsexual friendships and had not been single more than maybe 6 months since I was 13. Friendships, in my opinion-especially in adulthood- are harder to create and nurture than romance in a society that prioritizes the latter as the most important thing. Spade does well to show how nourishing friendships is not only important in and of itself, but it also results in all other relationships being healthier.

The only thing I wanted from this book was a little more advice on how to tell when something is actually abuse. There is a small section in the beginning that discusses this difficulty and I do understand why this is outside the scope of this book. I just found myself wondering in some sections, "but what if this behavior is controlling beyond normal conflict?" and "what about people who utilize the freedom in radical communities to prey upon people?" There are many books already written well about this such as Creative Interventions, Beyond Survival, and The Revolution Starts at Home. If you also find yourself wondering about that, I suggest those as complement texts. 

I highly recommend this book to anyone really, but especially to leftists and Queers who've become accustomed to relationship books- even those that are supposed to be outside dominant culture- leaving much to be desired, or worse, giving dangerous advice. I see LIAFUW becoming one of those staples on leftist bookshelves that we lend to each other with love and care. I look forward to Spade continuing to expand his writing in ways that allow for larger, stronger, and more diverse movements. 

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: Transfarmation

Image: The cover of the book is a lime green background with large wording taking up the entire page. Across the top in brown is "transfarmation," below that in cream and yellow is "the movement to free us from factory farming," at the bottom in smaller yellow letters is the author, "Leah Garcés."

It is rare to encounter a book regarding farming or the (mis)treatment of animals that is for so many audiences at once. Transfarmation, by Leah Garcés, happens to be one of those books. Garcés is the president of Mercy for Animals. While this particular org is often quite good at bridging divides, I still expected this book to either lean towards something mostly vegans would go for (screaming to the choir in our void of despair where everyone ignores us (joking... sorta)) or one of those books that insultingly erases the most vulnerable individuals of all species involved in farming so that the reader doesn't have to feel bad (or responsible.) Transfarmation is both emotionally honest and intellectually rigorous. It is for the city dwelling vegan with a one-dimensional view of animal farming and for the rural residents whose exploitation and injury via animal agribusiness seems like an inescapable fact of life. It is for the person most moved by true stories that tug at their heartstrings and for the person who says, "show me the numbers." Possibly most importantly, it involves a plan: Tangible, attainable solutions to the current crises we find ourselves in. There is definitely a place for exposure of the absolutely heinous abuse of animal agribusiness alone. When paired with solutions though, it leaves the reader feeling less hopeless.

The writing and structure of this book is extremely well thought out. Every section has a central individual interest storyline (aka human interest, but since this includes other species I've made it more general.) It is well documented that this is the sort of story that causes most people to change their mind. You can tell people all day about the trillions of animals who die per year for food, slaughterhouse covid transmission statistics, how many farmers take their own lives, and so on. For most people though, this isn't enough to make it stick. As much as we like to pretend otherwise, we are not rational beings. To absorb the data, we need to relate to it. Garcés does this exceptionally well. 

We first focus on the farmers themselves who are manipulated by industries who profit from their work while the farmers descend further into crippling debt and despair from the actions they must take against other animals and their community to meet this capitalist need. The titular name of the book refers to the Transfarmation Project which "provides resources and support to industrial animal farmers interested in transitioning their farms to plant-focused operations." After reading this book, it is clearly about much more than that. It is about forming relationships and bridging divides. I always knew that factory farmers likely weren't evil moustache twirling animal abuse fetishists, but I also didn't realize just how much they have been manipulated to fail and how that failure is basically a central tenet of the profit model of animal exploitation corporations.

"Farmers aren't factory farming because they love the idea of being under the thumb of corporate entities and picking up dead and dying chickens. They do it because they are trapped in debt and have few other economic options."

We learn next about farmed animals by focusing on a few who make up the miniscule minority who are rescued and can have their tales told. I particularly like that she focused on a chickens and cows exploited for dairy as agribusiness industries have lobbied hard to make these seem like less horrific options (they are not.) We learn of three chickens a farmer was willing to let go of and the bits of freedom they were allowed to experience before succumbing to the inevitable demise caused by industries who breed their bodies to be their own enemies. We learn of Norma the former dairy cow who was rescued after defending her calf Nina after so many forced inseminations she had experienced previously where her calves were stolen from her within a day. This story has a happier ending where we learn that both she and her calf were rescued and reunited. I also love that Garcés chose VINE Sanctuary as the focus for one of the stories as their collective liberation models of organizing and care are revolutionary. They fit well into the aims of the book to further the conversation to include the humans most exploited by these industries.

The narrative of the book is next expanded into the larger community, where we learn about the disproportionately low income BIPOC communities who find themselves surrounded on all sides by farms imprisoning pigs that spray literal feces into the air they breathe and the homes they sleep in. We learn about the lengths they have had to go to to literally organize for the right to breathe shit-free air when the county sheriff is also a hog farmer. We learn how even the BIPOC communities who have homes to hand down over generations find those homes and neighborhoods now uninhabitable. Following this, we move on to the immigrant communities- a large number of whom are undocumented or are still awaiting citizenship approval- who work in the slaughter facilities. We learn of the heinous lengths they go to to survive their trip into the country, only to be forced into a processing plant that demands impossible speeds of killing and dismembering animals, resulting in physical injuries, severe PTSD, disease, and death. We also learn of the refugee communities who may have more support, but who find themselves placed into and therefore harmed by the same job in order to gain any benefits from their refugee status. "Processing" plants rely on the vulnerability of these workers along with prison laborers paid 25 cents an hour. This means they are also often run by men who sexually harass and assault workers, who make threats and defy the already meager legal restrictions, and so on. We learn what it is like to be a mother forced to do a job bludgeoning baby pigs. We learn of the slaughter rate of 3 chickens per second allowed by both democrat and republican legislatures, causing immense pain for the workers and resulting in the birds who are not killed fast enough drowning in scalding water. 

That summary may make it seem like a trauma dump, but I assure you that this book is not that. My already long review has its limits. We also learn of these peoples hopes, desires, and joys. We learn of the lives they could have- lives that are indeed possible with change. The book ends with a grounded and detailed section including solutions for every problem it presents which include further support for farmers to transition away from factory farming, animal welfare measures making animals lives slightly less miserable, unions and worker protection measures for those laboring in farms and slaughterhouses, and systemic economic changes. While I have not followed every single effort, I have generally found Mercy for Animals to be an org that understands how to mix welfarism with abolition (a long standing argument occurring between animal advocates.) However, I was not the biggest fan of how cage free eggs were spoken of. While she does acknowledge that the practice does not come close to eliminating suffering, she neglects the marketing aspect of these (predominantly also factory farming) companies that make well intentioned but misled people imagine chickens running around happily in the grass and dying of old age, when the reality is far more horrific. These corporations lack empathy but not cunning. They know how to market any loss to turn it into a win and we need to think of that. That said, if I was in a battery cage the size of a small closet with 7 other people and someone offered me a large, crowded, dank warehouse to die in instead, I would choose the latter.

If you will allow me a final moment for a more personal vent. The information in this book not only infuriated and hurt due to the horrifying nature of atrocity. It bothered me because I worry that, no matter how perfectly the information is presented, it won't be heard. The group I kept thinking of most throughout this book, were the non/anti-vegan leftists who use strawmen and tokenization to avoid taking a hard look at our relationships to these industries and their victims. This is likely because anti-vegan sentiment often hurts the most when it comes from a respected leftist turned reactionary, a skilled environmentalist turned agribusiness lobbyist, and so on. White, single issue vegans (like white single issue proponents of any movement) are in part to blame for the divide, and there are legitimate criticisms. But, I rarely find honest conversation. I find defensiveness and cognitive dissonance. It reminds me of the Rob Zombie quote, "Everyone "loves" animals until they hear the word 'vegan'. Then they'll argue tooth and nail why it's acceptable to abuse them." I would love to see non/anti-vegan leftists read this book. I want to hear what they have to say about farmworkers picking vegans' plants (who they only bring up when veganism is a topic despite most farmland going to animal agribusiness and feed,) after they read about the struggle of slaughterhouse workers (who they of course never mention.) I want to hear from the upper middle class white person who tokenizes BIPOC communities in these discussions (while simultaneously erasing them) explain to me why spraying pig feces on their homes for bacon is helping. I also want the vegetarians and the "humane" slaughter proponents to pay attention- not the ones who are just doing the best they can, but the "not like the other girls" subset who are hostile to animal rights and veganism. I want them to understand the cost of dairy and eggs and how it is often higher than the meat they abstain from for ethical reasons. I want them to read about what happens to these animals and the humans forced into hell with them.

I say this as someone who almost 19 years ago was a non-vegan. Most of us were not born with perfected leftist ideals making us immune to the world influence we grew up in. Many of us, including recovering teen edgelords like myself, were first hostile to the idea of animal liberation or criticism of various related systems. This vent isn't meant as a superiority thing. It's meant to lay bare that many of the arguments my usually otherwise like minded kin make against animal liberation and veganism are awful and self-contradictory. They are almost always a hard turn to the far right or doing the work of capitalism via tokenization. They are often bad faith and even recreate the oppression dynamics that we claim to be against. This hurts not just because the arguments are harmful, but because I don't think they believe them in their hearts. There is room for more. There is room for a better world for all of us.

Please read this book. Read it even if you think you and I have nothing in common. You may find that we do. I hope this book helps others create the kinds of relationships and successful transitions that the author and her fellow organizers have created. Despite how tough it was at times, it gave me more hope than I have had in a while.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: Family Abolition

Image: The cover of the book is a gradient of pink at the top fading down into purple and then blue at the bottom. In large letters stretching the entire page, dark over the lighter parts of the background and light over day, is "family abolition - capitalism and the communizing of care" and at the bottom, "M.E. O'Brien"

Anyone who has followed my reviews likely knows by now that I have mixed feelings about academic texts, especially queer theory and the like. I often find them to be deliberately inaccessible, often discussing communities with the least access to the kind of vocabulary one needs to understand a single sentence. Sometimes a book comes along that straddles the line between academia and accessibility quite well. I found Family Abolition: Capitalism and the Communizing of Care by M. E. O'Brien to be one such text. The book will be rewarding to academics or others who frequently immerse themselves in nonfiction reading while also being readable both stylistically and regarding vocabulary. Someone unfamiliar might need to google here and there, but overall, the book emphasizes the arguments therein rather than the biggest most obscure words that can be used to make those arguments. This book challenged the way I thought about some things, validated others in ways I did not realize I needed, and offers a great deal of imaginative praxis in terms of reaching the goals set out by the author. The book is also very well organized.

This review is years after the publication date because this book and I got off to a rough start. My attempts at the PDF ARC version (I usually get hard copies or ebooks) made reading too impossible and I abandoned it for a while. I am glad I was able to return to it in another format later as it is one of the better and more original nonfiction texts that I have read.

I am actually quite estranged from most of my blood relatives, though that is something I am working on changing at the moment. Still, I did have a slight knee jerk reaction to this subject that many people may have. The Family is something woven deeply across cultures and holds great power almost everywhere in its own way. One may think of abolishing such a structure as to mean taking away the very foundation many need to survive and have relationships. O'Brien acknowledges this inevitable reaction early on. She then effectively argues that abolishing the family does not involve taking away safety, security, cooperation, nurturing, etc, but rather adding them (or creating them for the first time in some situations.) O'Brien exemplifies this through an excellent and well researched history of the intersection and interplay between the Family and Capitalism as well as other forms of oppression. 

Aside from teaching me many things I did not know about this history, one thing that stood out to me most in this book was the criticism of communities. I have always sort of blamed solely myself for my isolation, yet O'Brien discusses the phenomenon of older organizers/activists/counterculture community members etc becoming isolated through age, disability, etc as a very common problem. I still believe I could have done a much better job working on relationships in my past, but it was interesting to read that there is more to it. The argument is essentially that communities fail because capitalism causes them to and the family helps capitalism in this task. When community always ends up secondary to the family, even for those without one, communities will fall apart socially, financially, distance wise, or any other number of ways. Without fighting capitalism and other oppressions including the family, things disintegrate and fall apart. Using (antiauthoritarian) Marxist and other arguments- including also criticism of Marx and others' oppressive flaws and prejudices- the author discusses how the focus needs to be on the commune rather than the community.

O'Brien offers extensive descriptions of what the commune is, why it is important, what it and its components look like, and how they could be implemented. To tackle a rehashing of said arguments would make this review far too long. I can say that I was already on board with some things and became convinced about the others that I had not been aware of yet. I hate to admit it as an anarchist, but I am terribly misanthropic and pessimistic at times. I have a difficult time believing in utopias where everyone cooperates that do not- at best- fall apart. O'Brien's discussion of both the failure of community and an all-inclusive commune, ripe with strategies for  tackling harm and conflict, felt much more realistic to me than many things I have read. I might have found a disagreement here and there, but they were far fewer than other such proposals. 

It is clear that O'Brien created a very complex but believable whole with this book. She covers the past, present, and future in honest and accurate ways. I won't pretend that I cease to be pessimistic, as that is generally my baseline. But, this book made many things I think about and desire actually seem possible. All of this is to say that Family Abolition isn't just about critiquing and dismantling "The Family." It is about creating something better and more enriching it its place- something critical texts often fail to do properly. While critiques alone definitely have their place, this one won't leave you thinking, "Well, then what? Now what?" when you reach the end. It did not surprise me to find an optimistic speculative fiction about a future commune in her repertoire when I looked into the author. Needless to say, I look forward to giving that a read as well, hoping that O'Brien is one of the few whose academic writing skills are not at odds with her fiction ones.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: The Gull Guide

image: the cover of the book is a grey, white, and black bird in flight with a blurred blue sky in the background. Across the top in white letters is "the gull guide: North America," and in the bottom left corner is the author "amar ayyash."

Even master birders with decades of experience will often concede that they struggle with identification of gulls. These birds are so diverse yet so similar, have so many different phases where they look drastically different, yet very similar to one another in similar cycles, and sometimes telling them apart is a matter of the edge of a single feather or something equally ridiculous. As a result I was excited to get my hands on a copy of Amar Ayyash's The Gull Guide: North America.

I myself am not a master birder. While I am not a complete amateur since I have some years of experience under my belt, I only very recently started venturing out into interactions with other people who can teach me new things outside of my own reading and studying. As a result a guide like this is exceptionally valuable. The reason this book works so well, in my opinion, is that it does not fall into the trap that some guides do and trying to simplify something complicated. The author discusses this in how some people do not want to teach the different feathers and parts of the bird so as not to confuse someone new. However, with gulls as well as some other species, being able to tell these minute differences apart is critical. Ayyash also critiques the "x winter" labeling style since it's inaccurate given the differences in molt and breeding months between species and instead uses a far more accurate "x cycle" labeling structure. 

The information as well as the many charts and labels are indeed somewhat intimidating, but I found myself completely engaged. I was not intimidated in the way one can feel like they're drowning in information that's impossible to parse. There are copious amounts of photos showing each bit of information from a different angle. All of the photos have clear descriptions that help to learn things by sight quite well. Each section on an individual species has tons of photos and many different ways of identifying and thinking about the birds. There is even a section on aberrant birds such as leucistic and melanistic gulls. 

Ayyash also offers general birding tips on when to step back and when to hyper focus. He gives examples of confusing identifications that were made in error. The only criticism I have of the book's structure is that the multitude of images in an average sized book means that it's tough to see some of the details in smaller images. But, I'm not sure this could have been created any other way because making the images large would make the book so massive and heavy as to be unusable. I'd rather have this structure than fewer images.

Approaching the material this way not only helps one see the whole bird and learn more, it gives the reader multiple ways to focus on the birds. What I mean by this is that people learn and perceive things in different ways with different traits dominating their minds. This gives enough information on each identification type to be used by each person. Because it is full of photos and the print is high quality, it is a heavier guide. Sort of like a medium-sized Bible. So, to use in the field, I imagine this guide would be better for something like a stationary birding session. However, as someone who uses both apps in the field and print guides at home, don't let this deter you. There's something about book guides in hand that aid identification in ways that are different than those on electronics, including the wonderful pages available on Cornell's website. I can't even describe what this is, I just know that there are many times that I've been stumped only to open a book that makes everything clear to me. This book is indispensable as one of those on my shelf. None of my other guides, of which I have many, managed to make it possible to more confidently identify gulls. 

I still have a lot of practicing to do. Recently a group of ring-billed gulls in multiple cycles stood in a nice little line for me. Thanks to this guide, I was able to pick out the features and cycles of each which was a great exercise with an abundant species I'm somewhat familiar with. The next time a rare bird alert goes out for a gull, I'll be much more confident in my ability to find that needle in a haystack. 

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: Dismantling the Master's Clock

Image: The cover of the book is a close up collage of a clock face showing stenciled numbers of standard and military time. There are tan lines over top of the close up cut out of the clock face which make up the lines of maps, calendars, and illustraions. In the center is a large black circle. Inside that in white and tan lettering is "Dismantling the Master's Clock - on race, space, and time- Rasheedah Phillips."

Rasheedah Phillips' Dismantling the Master's Clock is the sort of creative academic scholarship that makes me glad that I still give academic books a shot, despite some of them seeming to be little more than reinventing the wheel using the biggest words possible. The author is a jack of many trades, boasting not only academic author chops, but she is also an activist, organizer, artist, and lawyer. Her ability to mash these things together and come out with something coherent, engaging, and fascinating is a major strength of this book.

I took my time reading this. It is very out there (in a good way) and quite dense. It includes many quantum physics topics that I have read the popular science versions of but was very rusty even on those. Phillips also is constantly blending metaphors and real histories to create a constant stream of thought exercises on the topics of time, race, social justice, gender, and so on. I will say that I would love to hear a review from someone who is more of an expert in quantum mechanics to see what their take on her use of these concepts in this text would be. My very meager understanding is that quantum mechanics are occurring at the tiniest of scales. Things work differently there than they do on the macro scale... sorta? Phillips uses a lot of quantum mechanics ideas- especially of duality of matter states and nonlinear timescapes- as a way of explaining how things occur or can be seen on a macro scale. From my understanding- again, a very limited one- this would not be accurate if taken literally. Sometimes it's not clear to me how literal she is being in this application. But, using quantum states as metaphor for history, culture, and experiences of Black and other marginalized people does make sense. It's a creative way of discussing things that have been studied and examined before in a new light. This offers new ways of thinking about both critical theory and the science of time, which is what separates this text from your run of the mill academic book on either subject.

One thing central to the book is the phenomenon of "Colored People's Time" (CPT) which Phillips dives deeply into (also comparing it with the quantum physics concept of charge-parity time.) She discusses its use as a pejorative, as a lie, as a different cultural way of living, as an inevitable response to years of oppression, and a way to transform one's thinking about space and time in general. She explains her ideas about "temporal oppression" which involves forcing Black people into a version of time that was designed without their freedom in mind. My personal experience is with similar phenomena less centered around race often called "anarchist time" or "punk standard time." I have similar mixed feelings and experiences about how these looser interpretations of pun(k)tuality affect oppressed people. The confines of strict schedules can both harm marginalized people who cannot meet them OR harm them by causing them to wait when they don't have the ability to. My very, frankly primitive, understanding of these things has left me frustrated many times sitting for hours longer, irritated, wondering how the world is supposed to function when someone needs to be relieved of their post. Thankfully, Phillips is talking about something so much deeper than that. I feel honestly grateful to now see how shallow my understanding of these things has been.

One thing about linear, strict, standardized time keeping is how rooted in European colonization it is. Now, I knew this was a thing, but did not really know the specifics of it. I am sitting here surrounded by clocks (mostly because I dig the aesthetic, but also because I can barely keep a schedule without having them in my face constantly and running 15 minutes ahead.) Reading about when the first clocks were erected in public squares and how that changed time keeping was eye opening for me. Time is no longer based majorly on more rational things like light, seasons, weather, and so on specific to various locations and cultural needs. It is based on clocks designed by a small subset of people mainly for capitalistic, globalization, or related reasons. This review is obviously the briefest of cliff notes. The author presents a case that is both informative and convincing that the way we currently keep time is oppressive and doomed to fail the most vulnerable. It is designed in ways to control and also in ways that make those with the least resources have the most difficult time meeting deadlines.

Another thing she discusses is who is allowed grace with time. One thing that really hit home for me as someone dealing with my hellscape of chronic illnesses was the mention of doctor's visits. That was one of the first things I used to think of when folks would discuss looser concepts of being "on time." How would a doctor's appointment with life sustaining treatment be run if people showed up whenever they wanted? (Which- for the record- is not at all what she is arguing.) Phillips ends up mentioning the waits in many doctor's offices and it came together in a more personal way for me. I can sit in a waiting room for 2 hours and it is expected that I do so if those we are paying are running late. But, if a patient- again, the person paying- is 15 minutes late, they can be asked to leave. My doctor can reschedule my appointment 3 times, but too many cancellations on my end could leave me looking for someone new. The institution's time is valued over the patients', even if the doctors themselves don't feel that way. 

The really deep dive goes into the history of slavery and Jim Crow. How long did Black people have to wait? Centuries. Yes, this is big picture and abstract, but the only way to survive waiting centuries for even partial freedom is to have a looser, more fluid idea of time. She wraps up the book with an interesting study of time capsules and how they differ across cultures and races. It is here that she uses the most examples of art installations including her own to show how imagining new ways of understanding time give a more accurate depiction of the world at large. I must stress again how this book does a much better job explaining this in detail. I have struggled to write this review in giving people a taste of the contents that are so very complex. What I can say for sure is that no matter what sort of views you have on time and space, this book will have you thinking differently about them. 

Overall, Rasheedah Phillips uses her varied skills to discuss these topics in creative and fresh ways. The book will require your time, thought, and attention- and it pays off. I hope that folks with physics degrees will read this book and offer their takes as I imagine they would have very interesting things to add. This is definitely an example of an academic book that is both heavy and worth the effort to lift.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: To Rob a Bank is an Honor

Image: The cover of the book is a red tinted photograph of Lucio Urtubia from the neck up, an older light skinned man wearing a black beret and looking to the right side of the cover. Over top are scrawling of words in red handwriting. In the center in off white color is "Lucio Urtubia" and "To rob a bank is an honor." Vertically up the left side in blue letters is, "translated by Paul Sharkey" and the right side: "Foreword by Philip Ruff"

In times like these, it can be easy to feel doomed. I am not one for platitudes that seek to shame us for our struggles. Using people as inspiration porn does little good for anyone. However, I do think there is room to draw inspiration from one another when we are united in struggle. So, when a fascist is re-elected into office, it can be valuable to look to those who fought fascism, often in even worse conditions, who came before us. This makes Lucio Urtubia's memoir/autobiography - To Rob a Bank is an Honor - a well timed publication.

We learn early on that this book comes from stacks of writings that Urtubia handed over for help organizing while claiming, "I'm no writer." He reasserts this again in the text, upset that he did not have a better education in writing. I appreciate how this book put all of his words together and made it a readable book. Many times we get memoirs that are poorly edited or written solely by a ghostwriter. This bridges that gap so that he can tell his story in his own words. I must say, for someone who claims not to be a writer, he is highly quotable. Woven throughout each set, often each paragraph, are declarations for liberation and statements on fighting repression.

There were quite a few things I had to google with this book which I guess would be my main criticism. Being a basic USAmerican, it is unsurprising that I am not well versed in the political movements of other nations. It would have been cool if some footnotes were added to define some of the "ists" and "isms" found throughout, for instance. Especially since search engines give increasingly monetized results. Nonetheless, I was generally able to find out what I needed to know to make the story whole.

There is a lot more to Urtubia's life than robbing banks. In fact, he mentions how much he hated the threatening part of the exercise and only did so to fund a critical revolution. He was a laborer with strong interest in worker cooperation, a partner to the equally brilliant and revolutionary Anne Garnier and father to their daughter, Juliette, a well known friend and community member, and many other things. He also grew up and experienced levels of poverty that many of us here have never endured, even those of us who are poor. He and those around him endured countless barriers, yet found ways to cooperate and support one another. All of that said, the title of this book gives credence to a truly successful form of illegalism. I don't take issue with certain tactics executed for the sake of disruption, but I really enjoy reading about when said tactics result in very advantageous expropriation from capitalist ventures where the much needed benefit outweighs the costs- even when the costs such as regular surveillance, imprisonment, and state-sanctioned murder are huge. The robbery and fraud helped fund the critical movements that fought fascism. In these peoples minds, there was no other option than to fight.

Today, when I find myself feeling as if there is no hope, I use histories like Urtubia's and that of his comrades, not to shame us for our despair or level of (in)action, but to remind us that there are people who have fought similar demons in the past. Some who have lost, some who have won, and most who have continued a struggle that is never ending- and they did it together. I think that this autobiography full of widely applicable liberatory messaging is a good companion in dark times.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: Absolution

 

Image: the cover of the book is a black background with a grotesque illustration of a  alligator whose body is breaking off into various pieces which are morphing into plants. There is an oil slick rainbow sort of coloring throughout that is also the color of the lettering. Across the top reads "absolution -  a southen reach novel - new york times bestseller" and the bottom "author of Annihilation - jeff vandermeer."

I am not alone in my love of Jeff Vandermeer's works. I was pleasantly surprised to see this 4th volume come out, adding new dimensions to the ever creeping terror and unease that I often feel in strange places that remind me of the series. Absolution functions as a prequel of sorts, taking us back to expeditions of previous generations that lead to the Area X we encounter in the original books. The way this book functions is exciting because it gives some answers, but also creates new questions. It leaves me hoping that the Area X series will end up being one of those science fiction collections like Revelation Space where quality offshoots just keep coming and growing over time. 

I really enjoyed seeing a new side of Vandermeer's writing. I have admittedly not read every book of his, so I do not know if he has done this in others. I felt like he really captured the whole MK Ultra era and used it well in the story. It's something that has been referenced in so many stories, fiction and non, at this point that I initially worried if I might become bored. However, here it felt appropriate and natural. I found myself even seeing the drab tan, brown, and orange of the time in my head. We also get a different level of technological interaction with area X which is interesting.

The characters were well written but not always my favorite taste wise. I cannot quite put my finger on why. They did fit into the stories well though. However, be warned that one section is full of F-bombs and I imagine those listening to an audiobook without headphones may find themselves turning down the volume lest they scandalize their neighborhood.

The atmosphere was there. I felt drawn back to the original stories from a decade ago. The world of manipulation of nature in ways that are supposed to be impossible. It is interesting that in Area X, said manipulation is successful, with horrifying results. Unlike many other "scientific" endeavors of the same history that were unsuccessful, also with horrifying results. There is something uniquely attractive about scifi and horror that manages to bridge that sort of impossibility without feeling like pure fantasy. I don't need everything to be hard scifi or whatever, but I do appreciate something that feels very real. Vandermeer's world continues to feel real. 

This book left me yearning to return to the others. There are so many books in the world that I want to read and never enough time. I think I will have to fit in a reread of the trilogy after this though. Hopefully we will be in for more surprises from Vandermeer. If not with Area X, than with some new found horror that feels too close to home, creeping up beside us, and changing us into something else before we know it.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: Feather Trails

Image: The cover of the book is a nature shot with a light blue sky background and a snow covered branch sticking out from the bottom left. A peregrine falcon- a bird with a dark mask, pointed wings, bright yellow legs and around eyes and bill and barred belly and wings- launches themself off of the branch to the right. Across the top in blue is "Feather Trails," below that in yellow, "A Journey of Discover Among Endangered Birds," below that in white, "One Conservationist's effort to save the peregrine falcon, hawaiian crows, and california condor," and in the bottom right in yellow, "Sophie A. H. Osborn, foreword by Pete Dunne."

This is going to be a ranting, rambling review full of animal liberationist opinions as it's impossible for it not to be with how many feelings, some old and some new, were awakened by this beautiful book. The author and I have many agreements and a few disagreements, so be careful not to project all of my opinions onto her writing if I happen to convey this jumbled mess without enough organization. Sophie A. H. Osborn's Feather Trails is a standout in the genres it spans (memoir, nature writing, science, and more.) The writing is excellent, engrossing, and drew me in completely, making me feel like I was there. Her ability to immerse the reader with details about locations, visuals, feelings, experiences, etc is strengthened by her simultaneous ponderings on what things are like for the individual birds of the species she worked to support and conserve. Her passion about birds and conservation is clear and reading this book added to my own passion and understanding.

Learning Osborn's history with peregrine falcons had me thinking of every time I have had the luxury of seeing this no longer endangered bird with the awe of knowing they may never have had a chance without people like her and the challenging work they did. The stories of the alala crows tore at and touched my heart. You can tell from my name that I have a soft spot for corvids and to know these crafty creatures are extinct in the wild is devastating. Learning how the remaining individuals in captivity still maintain some wildness and ability to enjoy life makes the reality easier to digest. The section on the California condors was by far the hardest, yet still full of beauty. The pitfalls and absolute cruelty and callousness of so many humans, how they killed so many birds, and damaged conservation efforts over and over has infuriated and haunted me since. 

Frankly, I already found the propaganda of hunters all being the "greatest conservationists" to be gross. Taking a history where regulations had to be created and rigidly enforced because hunting drove many species to, or close to, extinction (including deer, canada geese, and other now abundant species,) then rebranding the entire story with hunters as the heroes is dishonest at best. (Not to mention how current subsets of conservation that are partly funded by hunting licenses end abruptly when their ability to kill who they want when they want, or the profits of loggers and ranchers, are affected.) After Osborn telling the stories of lead poisonings, individual condor by condor, all dying extremely prematurely, while the NRA and "conservationist" hunters clung (and still cling) to lead shot because "gun rights" frankly made me so infuriated by this hunting propaganda that I could barely breathe. For the record, Osborn herself does not claim to be anti-hunting, just anti-lead ammunition. Osborn's stories of individual birds, their relationships, explorations and adventures, and the short lives they did get to lead made out for a book that is not purely trauma. However, it is never easy to read sensitive, thoughtful, honest accounts of how we got here, where we have succeeded, and where we have failed. That honesty leads me to my next point.

I often go in to books about the greater than human world open-minded but with low expectations. There are tons of books out there that disappoint, not so much in their lack of research and information, but in their objectification of their subjects. I am so tired of reading books that treat birds and other animals as a monolith of beings with no personalities and only a single minded focus (usually reproduction.) I did not know much about Osborn before this book (because I am out of touch, she is in fact a rather large name in ornithology and conservation.) I was pleasantly surprised by how she told these stories for a variety of reasons.

Despite sometimes falling into the dreaded "it" designation that many humans continue to give animals, Osborn focuses on each bird that she worked with and knew as an individual being. We learn about their personalities, how they interact with one another in different ways, how human interference affects things, and so on. She also does not shy away from the ethical conundrums of working with endangered birds. While I don't always agree with her, I found so much value in her discussion of the realities of how righting human wrongs can be very complicated. From DDT and lead contamination to the introduction of feral cats and killing birds to feed other birds, Osborn does not shy away from discussing her feelings and overall ethics (topics often woefully absent in science literature.) She discusses her uneasiness with the practice of killing quail to save falcons and how seeing a feral cat be killed to protect other species taught her to transition her own cats to be indoor only. I did not notice her analyzing the killing of cows for condors, though, which I think could have pushed the ethical convo further when discussing animal agribusiness and its contributions to climate change and species extinction- especially given the focus on hunting (which presently has less overall impact than animal exploitation agribusiness.) Not only do the wastefulness, greenhouse gases, land use, groundwater pollution, etc, cause issues, but many vulture species have become endangered due to poisoning from drugs given to cows, but I digress.

She discusses the human fault for introducing non native species in much more honest ways than many scientists, though in my opinion she still put too much blame on said species at times for endangering other animals by condoning their slaughter. The big picture is more complicated than that. In reality, humans (aside from introducing said species in the first place) have far worse impacts than any feral cat. Overfishing/hunting, habitat destruction, pollutions, animal agribusiness, etc are all massive threats to birds and other animals. Even the first humans who traveled outside Africa to colonize other continents began to cause imbalances, extinctions, etc upon arrival (no shade to folks just trying to survive without this knowledge centuries ago.) With European colonization, industrialization, etc, those problems were intensely magnified. Yet, humans believe that we and our luxuries are worth more, so we call the other animals "invaders" and blame it all on them. Osborn is unafraid to have this discussion which I truly appreciate, even if she and I disagree on a fraction of the solutions.

Osborn also is willing to acknowledge the ethical conundrums in terms of conservation, study, and breeding of endangered species. She does not shy away from the reality that handling birds is stressful. I have seen bird banding posts with people taking selfies with terrified animals or claiming they're "smilin for the camera!" (I support banding research efforts, for the record, and respect the efforts of scientists to reduce stress as much as possible. Unfortunately, nonconsensual contact with other animals is sometimes needed for conservation and research. I also support questioning everything we do without another animal's consent and how we characterize those actions.) Osborn discusses the practice of separating animals who choose one another as partners in order to place them with another animal with a higher chance of breeding. This is a practice I oppose, but I see the logic. She does not discuss artificial insemination as much as one should as it ranges from stressful to horrific depending on the species. I think zoos playing a part increases the problem (reminder: wherein the majority of animals are not endangered and are bred/purchased just for entertainment/profit.) Zoos tend to want to breed species so that they have more of that species to display in captivity, despite the fact that the stresses of the zoo tend to hinder various species interest in breeding. You can see the difference between zoo-run conservation and other types not driven by profit in this book and elsewhere. Even so, the Alala crow efforts are important and sometimes a zoo will hold the only members of an endangered or extinct-in-the-wild species available and thus one must work with them in order to participate.

In terms of herself, Osborn is excellent at describing her strengths, shortcomings, successes, and mistakes along the way. She discusses being a woman in the sciences and which people were her allies vs which ones treated her as subservient. She interrogates her own biases and examines her feelings. Rather than drawing conclusions that all emotion is bad in science, she examines which way her emotions may lead her and why. I don't know if she realized she was using this sort of wisdom around feelings or if it is just evident to me as an outsider. Afterall, isn't the desire to care for and conserve an entire species partly an emotional one? Humans are an extremely emotional species, much like many other animals. I think we benefit far more from these discussions than we do from humans who think that emotion has no place in the sciences (as if that would even be possible with us involved.) But, again, I digress.

I've written plenty and have filled this review with so much of what this book brought up for me because I haven't been able to stop thinking about it every day since I finished. I hope that Osborn's style is a trend in writing that will continue in science, conservation, nature, etc topics. It not only draws people into the worlds of other animals, but it pushes us more towards possible solutions. The planet would not have lost so many of its species with more efforts like that of Osborn. With her and those like her still out there, maybe many still have a chance.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: Jamaica Ginger and Other Concoctions

Image: the cover of the book is a painting by Joshua Mays of a Black woman from the chest up. She is looking to the right and the highlights on her right side fade into light blue with white dots swirled throughout. There are illustrations of purple thistles and flowers behind her and around her shoulders. At the bottom center is a grey pigeon like bird with a red-orange forehead. Across the top in white letters is "world fantasy award winner Nalo Hopkinson," and across the bottom, "Jamaica Ginger and other Concoctions."

Nalo Hopkinson ranks in the top tier of my favorite scifi and speculative fiction authors. I have read most of her excellent novels, but she stands out as an author whose short story collections actually end up being my favorites in her repertoire. Falling in Love with Hominids is one of the best short story collections I have read by either a single or multiple authors. Naturally, I was excited to see Tachyon putting out a new collection by Hopkinson: Jamaica Ginger and Other Concoctions. Nisi Shawl also aided Hopkinson and cowrote one of the stories in the collection as well.

While this collection did not hit as hard as Falling in Love with Hominids for me personally, it is still a strong collection that spans genres as Hopkinson is known to do. There are a couple stories that can be found in other collections, but many of these are ones that were written for specific projects- including a TED talk fiction performance by multiple authors gathered by Neil Gaiman- that are not so easily accessible. I really enjoyed that they included Nalo's words before each story, describing where the stories came from and what her writing process was. It enriched the experience of reading the book. Her description of the aforementioned TED story entry was the longest and most interesting in its discussion of how the stereotypical boundaries of science fiction must often be surpassed when marginalized characters are present. Hopkinson is also excessively humble in some of her assessments of stories. There were ones that were not her favorite that I ended up liking quite a lot.

The best stories in the collection in terms of my own tastes were Broad Dutty Water: A Sunken Story inspired by a Jamaican folksong and real life horrors of flooding, the satirical Clap Back telling truth through fiction about exploitative arts, Repatriation about a very special type of cruise, and my absolute favorite San Humanité which somehow, despite being only two pages, gripped me and left me craving an expansion of it into a full novel. I do not think I have ever felt that way from a 2 page story before. There are plenty of other excellent stories that people who are fans of all sorts of genres will enjoy as well.

Nalo Hopkinson is not just groundbreaking in her telling of stories with characters not often centered in SSFF genres, though that is definitely a draw for me. She is a damned good writer who continues to evolve with time and this collection is a good example of the many places her fiction has gone. I look forward to the next entry in her writing career, hopefully sooner rather than later.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.

Book Review: Meet the Neighbors

Image: The cover of the book is a blue background with a welcome mat at the bottom center. Superimposed on top of the mat are images of animals- a salamander, tortoise, goose, bear, racoon, donkey, sparrow, deer, and blackbird. Across the top in light yellow is "Meet the Neighbors" and below that in white, "Animal Minds and Life in a More-Than-Human World"

Brandon Keim's excellent book Meet the Neighbors seems to be one that suffers from a title and cover that don't quite match what is inside. (Though, I do love the subheading phrase "more-than-human worlds.") It's strange that the idiom, "don't judge a book by its cover" is still so popular when it is arguably less practiced today than it ever was given the wide reach of the internet and availability of graphic design. The welcome mat with all of the animals on it resembles a child's nature show to me, but Keim did not write a cutesie book about animals as one-dimensional cartoon characters. I assume the title and design were created to reach as wide an audience as possible- anyone who likes other-than-human animals and wants fun facts about them. This strategy sometimes works for sales but often results in disappointment by readers who expected something lighter.

Keim's book is grounded in reality and is written with great sensitivity, deep thought, and a level of honesty I often do not encounter in these kinds of texts- even from those whose entire goal is to de-center humans in discussions about other animals. This is not a buzzfeed-esque fun-fact book (though there are certainly many fun facts and heartwarming stories within) nor is it a book focused solely on more-than-human animal traits. The parts that mostly focused on facts about animals were the beginning sections of the book which I thought could have used more organization. This initially left me worried that I might be reading another run-of-the-mill book of animal facts, which is just fine, but moving forward took me into another world entirely. This book is includes a mixture of general info and research about other animal minds and experiences as well as discussion about how humans treat and view fellow creatures. The latter can make it tough to read at times. However, even as a person who generally has a hard boundary against reading detailed accounts of animal cruelty and exploitation, I encourage folks to push through those parts. I make exceptions to this rule when the information is used to make larger, complex points and to combat common knowledge in important ways that cannot be done accurately without including said details. Basically, when it makes me think about things in ways I had not before, I will make my way through it. I believe this book does this. It does so in ways that are exceptional in comparison to others in the genre. 

We are currently in a place, at least in much of western culture, where it is super cool to talk about climate change, but not to actually take responsibility for it. It is super cool to discuss amazing fun facts about other animals, as long as we always keep them a step below us and don't challenge the ways we exploit them. It is super cool to combat threats to endangered species, including blaming other species introduced by us, as long as the threats combatted aren't human (you know, the main threat.) Even in far left circles, these kinds of neoliberal and reactionary ways of thinking are common in regards to nonhuman animals. It's even fashionable to tokenize human struggles in reasoning as to why other species do not deserve respect and consideration. This book forces the reader to confront all of these anthropocentric biases and more. Keim acknowledges the great importance of the little bits of happiness we can gain from Dodo videos while also acknowledging that we "live in a world of wounds," as he said when he generously joined VINE book club last month. Keim also grapples with conflicts and questions that are often left out on the more liberatory side of things, such as when humans should intervene to help other animals and what kind of interventions are more wasteful or disruptive than they are helpful. He consistently asks the question- what would an individual from this species think or want? He ponders things such as the differences in opinion bears vs salmon might have in regards to habitat management and how humans choose which species to focus on helping or admiring. The most illuminating parts of the book for me personally, were those that discussed introduced/non-native, "overpopulated," and/or species labeled as "pests." I had not even realized just how much bias I had internalized about certain dilemmas even as a 18 year die hard (collective liberation) vegan with a ton of animal rescue experience who knows that these things are more complicated that the anthropocentric ways they are presented. 

This book is what I was hoping the the book Pests: How Humans Create Animal Villains would have been. Even though MTN is not entirely about these species and conflicts, it tells multiple sides of the story in honest ways as much as a human can attempt to without being able to interview other species. I had no idea, for instance, that introduced (non-native) donkeys had rewilded in many places and helped other species survive through things like oasis digging in deserts. I had heard of "judas goats," but never knew about "judas donkeys," which were only mentioned in a footnote, but are truly one of the most heart wrenching examples of cruelty I have read about. I can't stop thinking about them, but do not regret learning this as part of the full story. I have read countless texts that explain how rats and feral cats threatened island nesting birds, which insisted that killing all of them was the only solution. Those texts neglected to mention that humans overfishing, habitat destruction, and killing of the ocean were countless times worse for said birds and everyone else. Keim also discussed how said purge of feral cats was also used to reduce competition with foxes, only to find that foxes at more threatened birds than the cats (who ate more rodents.) The culling of introduced pigs ended up taking away food from golden eagles, who then turned on the foxes, which then meant the eagles had to be "managed." I am a birder and often see people patting themselves on the back when telling people to keep their cats indoors (which I agree with for the record,) but will attack anyone who even questions how our actions affect birds (outside of the abstract or pointing the finger at other human groups- usually in oppressive ways.) We learn that feral cats are the "top killers" of birds when they aren't. We are. But, many writers (outside of animal rights and liberation niche texts) are encouraged not to talk about this as the reader needs the ability to channel the upset about what is happening onto someone else. Keim doesn't fall into that trap.

Keim also did a lot of research and got a lot of big names to interview. Bobby Corrigan on rodents for example. Again, the way he approached the book exceeds what you often find in nature and animal literature. He interviews scientists, environmentalists, lawyers, wildlife "management" services, philosophers, naturalists, animal sanctuary founders, zoo employees, and so on. He also presents one of the most honest sections on hunting and fishing- particularly westernized hunting that rebranded itself as "conservationist" (after hunting drove many species to, or near to, extinction.) I don't know if I have ever read a text that acknowledged the horrors hunters have committed, the trouble with ecosystem imbalance caused by overpopulation of certain species (and harm to other species,) the other human activities that often cause more harm but get less attention/ire than hunting (such as urbanization,) the conservation efforts of a subset of hunters, and how those conservation efforts ultimately serve hunters, ranchers, and loggers more than other animals or ecosystems (by prioritizing sport, profits, trophies, and species hunters want to kill even at cost of true balance and other species harmed by their "conservation" practices.) Keim even calls out the permission fallacy and idea of animals "giving their lives" as a way to redirect from the reality that their lives are taken. He is not claiming taking a life is always wrong, on the contrary, it is sometimes a necessity including for other species. But, he combats this view usually touted by people romanticizing hunting by claiming animals are super into being shot or stabbed for conservation, tradition, sport, trophy, food, or all of the above. It's very rare to find that level of honesty and diligent research on a topic so sensitive to many people on all sides. Keim truly seemed more interested in understanding the dilemma than taking a side. 

As a bird nerd, I learned so many new things about birds from this book. Some were depressing and far more were fascinating. Yet, he also has me thinking hard about what species I am fascinated by and how that affects my actions. I have lots of photos of birds eating insects and fishes. While I have definitely felt for these animals, especially when that damned ring-billed gull held that squirming fish for ages before finally killing them, what is it about birds that attracts me? And how does that affect my actions? I'm not saying I have never considered these things, but Keim gave me new ways to think about them. One might think based on what I have said here that there is a punishing way to these thought processes, but on the contrary, I actually found Keim's outlook freeing. It is often honesty, however painful, that is much less anxiety inducing in the long run. This book allows me to see myself as part of this world- an animal among many other animals- and to examine what that means to me.

As you may be able to tell, I could write a book on this book. I want to leave some surprises for the reader as well. I highly recommend Meet the Neighbors and I hope that if you find your expectations dashed a bit, that you can move forward and take what else the text has to offer because there is a lot here that I have rarely found elsewhere.

This was also posted to my goodreads and storygraph.